Types of systems
Types of systems
| open systems | closed systems | Isolated systems |
|---|---|---|
| Mass transfer ✔ | ||
| Energy tranfer ✔ | Energy tranfer ✔ |
Thermodynamics Properties
| Intensitive properties (not dependent on mass) | Extensive properties (dependent on mass) |
|---|---|
| Pressure | Mass |
| Temperature | |
| Specific enthalpy (h) | Enthalpy (H) |
| Specific volume (v) | Volume (V) |
| Specific entropy (s) | Entropy (S) |
| Specific heat capacity | Heat capacity |
| Specific internal energy (u) | Internal energy (U) |
* All Properties are point functions (state functions)
* Work and Heat are path functions .Therefore, work and heat are not properties of a thermodynamic system; they are path-dependent quantities.
Thermodynamic Equilibrium
for thermodynamic equilibrium, following must be true
- Mechanical Equilibrium
- Chemical Equilibrium
- Phase Equilibrium
- Thermal Equilibrium
Common thermodynamic processes
- Isobaric Process —> Pressure constant
- Isochoric Process —> Volume constant
- Isothermal Process —> Temperature constant
- Adiabatic Process —> ΔQ =0 (no heat transfer)
- Isentropic Process —> Entropy constant
- Polytropic Process —> PVn = C ; n := polytropic index
n=0 : Isobaric
n=1 : Isothermal
n —> ∞: Isochoric
*For an isentropic process in an ideal gas
γ —> heat capacity ratio